Thursday, August 25, 2011

Historical Influences: Alfred Russel Wallace

1)Darwin began formulating his theory of natural selection in the late 1830s but he corresponded briefly with Wallace, who was exploring the wildlife of South America and Asia. Wallace kept supplying Darwin with birds for his own observations. Wallace wanted to publish his own book on evolution and sent Darwin his theory in 1858, which almost replicated Darwin's own. Upon seeing Wallace's paper, Darwin compared it to his own notes and observations and realized he was about to be scooped, and decided to end the 20-year delay in publishing his own theory. Wallace went on to make other contributions not just to biology but to other subjects such as land reform, anthropology, astrobiology and ethnography.His pioneering work on evolutionary biogeography led to him becoming recognized as that subject’s “father”.

2)Wallace works was on how traits evolve and change but must be heritable. On average, the trait will become more common in the following generation, and the generation through reproduction. Wallace and Darwin both realized that if an animal has some trait that helps it to withstand its elements, it may leave more offspring’s behind then others. As Darwin wrestled with natural selection he spent a great deal of time with pigeon breeders, learning their methods. He found their work to be an analogy for evolution.  Nature unconsciously selects individuals better suited to surviving their local conditions. Given enough time, Darwin and Wallace argued that natural selection might produce new types of body parts, from wings to eyes.

3) Darwin saw Wallace’s notes and observations before he went to publish his own theories. They were on the same track but I believe that Wallace was a huge help on Darwin’s theory because he made it clear on Darwin and also pushed Darwin to publish his theory on evolution faster, making him work harder to publish it first. Wallace would send Darwin different birds so he could use them for his own observations which also helped him because he would observe birds to see how they would reproduce.

4)The church did not want Charles Darwin to publish his book “On the Origin of Species’ because it would go against the beliefs of the church and because it did not recognize the role of the “creator” in evolution. When the became publish it became the focus of a controversy between those who believed in the divine creation of life and those who believed in a natural origin of life. Darwin’s concept of natural selection has survived the scrutiny of over 100 years of biological study and has become one of the foundations of modern biological science

  

6 comments:

  1. It too chose Alfred Wallace as being the most influential to Darwin. I have to admit I got a bit sidetracked in reading about Wallace. He went on expeditions because of a passion and interest in botany and biology. He wasn't a man of means. So with little money, his income came from shipping natural history specimens to sell to museums. He gathered multiple specimens and in doing so, discovered variations within each species. What I thought amusing, was here was a man trying to earn a living and in doing so, recognized more quickly what Darwin was slower to see, that individuals vary within a species.

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  2. I like your post. It’s very informative and fun to read. After reading your post, I do believe that Wallace plays an important part on Darwin especially when Wallace send Darwin different birds so he could use them for his own observations. Wallace was a huge help on Darwin’s theory because he helped pushed Darwin to publish his theory of evolution faster.

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  3. I also believed that Alfred had a great influence on Darwins findings and publications. I like the concrete evidence that you presented and the dates helped to see that both Darwin and Wallace were on the same track in the same time frame. Very well written blog.

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  4. I completely agree with Jenny, I too think your post was very informative and fun to read. It seems that Wallace really supported Darwin and helped him become the well known scientist he still is. Great post!

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  5. Excellent post. The only thing I might argue with is the idea that the Church did not want Darwin publishing his idea. Except for a family friend who was also a pastor, I don't think the church knew about Darwin's work until after it was published. The negative affect of the church was primarily Darwin's awareness of the potential religious repercussions of publishing his work, specifically how his family would be affected socially. His wife, Emma, in particular, was devout and would likely be hurt by his ideas if they were made public.

    But otherwise, very good post. Well written.

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  6. Jakelineg,
    I too chose Alfred Wallace and found his work unbelievable and absolutely fascinating. His work while it wasn't able to provide him with a luxurious existence it sounds so fulfilling and an incredible driving force to live. Wallace's work was so similar to Charles Darwin allowing them to help to influence each other. While Wallace had all of his ideas roaring and ready to go it was his paper that was able to truly give Darwin the final push to publish his own theory. I really enjoyed your post and it was a good fun read.

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